Narration এর নিয়ম সমূহ।
Rules of Narration
Rule-1:
Direct Speech-এ Reporting Verb মাঝে অথবা শেষে থাকলে Indirect Speech-এ Reporting Verb বাক্যের একদম শুরুতে থাকবে।
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| “Will you play football tomorrow?” I asked Atif. | I asked Atif if he would play football the next day. |
Rule-2:
- দ্বিতীয় বা তৎপরবর্তী Reported Speech-কে Indirect করার সময়ে Assertive Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে “added/ further added/ also said/ again said” হবে।
- দ্বিতীয় বা তৎপরবর্তী Reported Speech-কে Indirect করার সময়ে Interrogative Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে “also asked/ further asked/ again asked” হবে।
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| The teacher said to me, “You can stop reading. You may read tomorrow”. | The teacher told me that I could stop reading then. He added that I might read the next day. |
Rule-3(A):
Reported Speech-এ শুধু “Yes” দেয়া থাকলে Indirect Speech-এর structure হবে “Subject + replied in the affirmative.” অথবা, “Subject + do/ does/ did/ was/ were/ has/ have/ had.”
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Arik asked me, “Have you done your task?” I said, “Yes.” |
|
Rule-3(B):
Reported Speech-এ “Yes”-এর পর কোনো বক্তব্য থাকলে Indirect Speech-এর structure হবে “Subject + replied in the affirmative + and said that…”
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Arik said to Atif, “Have you finished your homework?” “Yes, I will submit it tomorrow”, said Atif. | Arik asked Atif if he (Atif) had finished his homework. Atif replied in the affirmative and said that he would submit that the next day. |
Rule-3(C):
Reported Speech-এ শুধু “No” দেয়া থাকলে Indirect Speech-এর structure হবে “Subject + replied in the negative.” অথবা, “Subject + Auxiliary Verb + Not”.
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Afrin said to Fateha, “Are you preparing now?” Fateha said, “No”. |
|
Rule-3(D):
Reported Speech-এ “No”-এর পর কোনো বক্তব্য থাকলে Indirect Speech-এর structure হবে “Subject + replied in the negative + and said that”.
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| Arif said to Papia, “Are you coming to my home tomorrow?” “No, I have changed my decision”, said Papia. | Arif asked Papia if she (P) was coming to her (A) house the next day. Papia replied in the negative and said that she (P) had changed her decision. |
Rule-4:
Direct Speech-এ ‘Sir’ থাকলে Indirect speech-এ “Addressing as Sir” যোগ করতে হবে অথবা, Sir-এর পরিবর্তে “Respectfully” হবে।
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| The student said to his teacher, “Sir, I need the answer sheets.” |
|
Rule-5:
Reported Speech-এ যদি কাউকে সম্বোধন (Address) করা হয়, তাহলে Indirect Speech-এর প্রথমে “Addressing as” যুক্ত হবে।
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| “Are you tired, friends?” said the Army chief. | Addressing them as friends, the army chief asked if they were tired. |
Rule-6:
Direct Speech-এ “By Allah/ By Jove/ By God/ By my life” থাকলে Indirect Speech-এ “Swearing by Allah/ by Jove/ by God/ by my life.” যোগ হবে।
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| “By Allah”, she replied, “I will not do this work”. | Swearing by Allah, she replied that she would not do that work. |
Rule-7:
Inverted Comma-এর বাইরে Reporting Verb যুক্ত Phrase-এর অতিরিক্ত অংশ হিসেবে Present Participle Phrase থাকলে Indirect Speech-এ “Present Participle Phrase” Sentence এর শুরুতে বসে।
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| “Are you brothers?” asked the mistress of the house, turning to the dervishes. | Turning to the dervishes, the mistress of the house asked if they were brothers. |
Rule-8:
Reported Speech-টি Assertive হওয়া সত্ত্বেও তার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন থাকলে Indirect Speech-এ Reporting Verb-এর পূর্বে “Being surprised” লিখতে হয়।
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| He said to her, “You have kept in mind how they survived?” | Being surprised, he asked her if she had kept in mind how they had survived. |
Rule-9:
Reported Speech-এ Thank you থাকলে Indirect Speech-এর Structure হবে “Reporting Verb-এর Subject + thanked + Reporting Verb-এর object.”।
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| She said to him, “Thank you”. | She thanked him. |
Rule-10:
Reported Speech এ “Good bye” থাকলে Indirect Speech-এর Structure হবে “Reporting Verb-এর Subject + bid/bade + Reporting Verb-এর object + good bye.”
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| She said, “Good bye my buddies”. | She bade her buddies good bye. |
Rule-11:
Reported Speech-এ “good morning/ good evening/ good night” থাকলে Indirect Speech-এর Structure হবে “Reporting Verb-এর Subject + wish/wished + good morning/ good evening/ good night.”
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| He said to her, “Good night”. | He wished her good night. |
Rule-12:
অনেক সময় Reported Speech-এ পূর্ণাঙ্গ Sentence না থেকে Sentence এর অংশ অর্থাৎ Phrase থাকলে, Indirect Speech-এ বক্তার বক্তব্যকে অনুসরণ করে উক্ত Speech-কে পূর্ণাঙ্গ Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়।
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| “You’ve served me a good meal. How much to pay you?” I said to the waiter. “Four hundred fifty Taka?” -“Anything is alright.” | I told the waiter that he had served me a good meal. I also asked him how much I should pay him. I further asked him if four hundred fifty taka would do. He replied that anything was all right. |
Rule-13:
যদি Direct Speech-এ বক্তা ও শ্রোতা উল্লেখ না থাকে, তাহলে বক্তার ক্ষেত্রে “The speaker” এবং শ্রোতার ক্ষেত্রে “The listener” অথবা “The person spoken to” ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
Example:
| Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| “Are you playing tomorrow?” “Yes, I will play tomorrow afternoon.” | The speaker asked the listener if he (L) was playing the next day. The listener replied in the affirmative and said that he would play the next afternoon. |
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